How to Distill Water: Methods and Equipment
How to distill water at home, in the lab and at pilot scale. We compare a pot still against 1 L-5 L rotary evaporators on real specs, then show how to pick.
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UnionClay Equipment Buying Guides
UnionClay Blog gathers published buying guides for laboratory glass reactors, reactor operation, support equipment matching and procurement planning. Buyers can use these articles to compare vessel structure, working volume, temperature-control support, vacuum requirements, maintenance checks and RFQ details before reviewing model pages.
Start with the current glass reactor guides, then compare related equipment categories such as Glasreaktor, Umlaufkühler, Vakuumpumpe und Chemischer Reaktor. For a quote, share the application, target capacity, temperature or vacuum needs and matching-equipment questions through UnionClay contact support.
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Plug Flow Reactor (PFR): How It Works and How It Compares to Batch
How a plug flow reactor works, where plug flow breaks down, and how a PFR compares to batch reactors on real specs. Check what to confirm before you buy.
Vacuum Distillation: When and How to Use It
Vacuum distillation only works if your pump reaches the pressure the method assumes. Real pump and evaporator vacuum specs, plus the gauge-vs-absolute trap.
Gravity Filtration vs Vacuum Filtration: Which to Use
Gravity filtration vs vacuum filtration: gravity gives falling head, vacuum pulls to -0.095 MPa. See our decision table on real 10L-50L ZF unit specs.
Useful Numbers for Cell Culture (Reference Tables)
Useful numbers for cell culture that go past the flask: reference tables of real vessel volumes, materials, sterilization and control loops from 1L to 500L.
Simple Distillation: How It Works
Simple distillation works in one vaporisation step, so the textbook wants 25 °C between boiling points. See how vacuum moves that limit and which rig fits.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Process and Equipment
How liquid-liquid extraction works: partition, solvent choice, phase split, plus the 10L-50L vacuum glass vessels and solvent recovery that scale it up.
Bioreactor Types Used in Labs: Stirred-Tank, Airlift and Single-Use
Bioreactor types compared: stirred-tank, airlift and single-use, mapped to real 1-10 L glass and 10-500 L steel vessels, plus the scale band each stops at.
Distillation Apparatus: Parts and How to Assemble
A distillation apparatus is a flask, condenser, receiver and vacuum source. See the parts, the assembly order, joint sizes and how to size the vacuum pump.